Gaze Distribution Analysis and Saliency Prediction Across Age Groups

Knowledge of the human visual system helps to develop better computational models of visual attention. State-of-the-art models have been developed to mimic the visual attention system of young adults that, however, largely ignore the variations that occur with age. In this paper, we investigated how visual scene processing changes with age and we propose an age-adapted framework that helps to develop a computational model that can predict saliency across different age groups. Our analysis uncovers how the explorativeness of an observer varies with age, how well saliency maps of an age group agree with fixation points of observers from the same or different age groups, and how age influences the center bias. We analyzed the eye movement behavior of 82 observers belonging to four age groups while they explored visual scenes. Explorativeness was quantified in terms of the entropy of a saliency map, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics was used to quantify the agreement analysis and the center bias. These results were used to develop age adapted saliency models. Our results suggest that the proposed age-adapted saliency model outperforms existing saliency models in predicting the regions of interest across age groups

Anatomical variations of brachial plexus: anomalous branching pattern

Background: The brachial plexus is the plexus of nerves formed by the anterior rami of lower four cervical and the first thoracic spinal nerves with little contribution of prefix C4 and postfix T2 spinal nerve. The variations in formation, location, and courses of the cords of brachial plexus and the median nerve are not uncommon and were studied in both axillae.Methods: The forty cadavers were studied preserved in the department of anatomy, SGRRIM and HS, Dehradun. The age and sex of the cadavers were not taken into consideration. The upper limbs were examined for the abnormal formation and union of branches of brachial plexus.Results: The musculocutaneous nerve communicates with the median nerve before and after piercing the coracobrachialis muscle. The lateral cord also gives the twig to the both roots of the median nerve. It also gives a branch which joined the ulnar nerve. The communication between medial root of median nerve and ulnar nerve also observed.Conclusions: Out of 20 examined cadavers (forty upper limbs), the variations in the formation and distribution of branches of the brachial plexus were noted in nine limbs (22.5%). The both sides of the brachial plexus were inspected and it was not found bilateral variations even in a single cadaver.  The knowledge of these variations may be helpful for the anatomists, radiologists, anaesthetist, neurosurgeons and orthopaedic surgeons during surgical operation of the upper limb.

MILA: Memory-Based Instance-Level Adaptation for Cross-Domain Object Detection

Cross-domain object detection is challenging, and it involves aligning labeled source and unlabeled target domains. Previous approaches have used adversarial training to align features at both image-level and instance-level. At the instance level, finding a suitable source sample that aligns with a target sample is crucial. A source sample is considered suitable if it differs from the target sample only in domain, without differences in unimportant characteristics such as orientation and color, which can hinder the model's focus on aligning the domain difference. However, existing instance-level feature alignment methods struggle to find suitable source instances because their search scope is limited to mini-batches. Mini-batches are often so small in size that they do not always contain suitable source instances. The insufficient diversity of mini-batches becomes problematic particularly when the target instances have high intra-class variance. To address this issue, we propose a memory-based instance-level domain adaptation framework. Our method aligns a target instance with the most similar source instance of the same category retrieved from a memory storage. Specifically, we introduce a memory module that dynamically stores the pooled features of all labeled source instances, categorized by their labels. Additionally, we introduce a simple yet effective memory retrieval module that retrieves a set of matching memory slots for target instances. Our experiments on various domain shift scenarios demonstrate that our approach outperforms existing non-memory-based methods significantly

Thermodynamic Review of Trigeneration Systems for Power, Heating and Cooling Requirements

Changing climate conditions have been burdening the present civilization with excessive cooling and heating requirements, apart from the industrial requirements for these. Trigeneration refers to simultaneous power, heating and cooling from any system. The requirement of heating and cooling if met from the low grade energy available in conventional gas/steam combined cycle power plant offers potential solution to the endangering environment for meeting heating and cooling needs. Present paper deals with the thermodynamic review of trigeneration technology and aims at introspection into its state of study across the world

Dynamic Stochastic Resonance-Based Watermark Extraction From Audio Signals in SVD Domain

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Bucharest, Romania, 201

Gaze distribution analysis and saliency prediction across age groups.

International audienceKnowledge of the human visual system helps to develop better computational models of visual attention. State-of-the-art models have been developed to mimic the visual attention system of young adults that, however, largely ignore the variations that occur with age. In this paper, we investigated how visual scene processing changes with age and we propose an age-adapted framework that helps to develop a computational model that can predict saliency across different age groups. Our analysis uncovers how the explorativeness of an observer varies with age, how well saliency maps of an age group agree with fixation points of observers from the same or different age groups, and how age influences the center bias tendency. We analyzed the eye movement behavior of 82 observers belonging to four age groups while they explored visual scenes. Explorative-ness was quantified in terms of the entropy of a saliency map, and area under the curve (AUC) metrics was used to quantify the agreement analysis and the center bias tendency. Analysis results were used to develop age adapted saliency models. Our results suggest that the proposed age-adapted saliency model outperforms existing saliency models in predicting the regions of interest across age groups

Comparison of age-adapted proposed saliency models with baseline models of computational attention system.

<p>Comparison of age-adapted proposed saliency models with baseline models of computational attention system.</p